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Conventional current flow
Conventional current flow refers to the widely adopted model that describes the movement of electric charge in a circuit. In this model, electrical current is considered to flow from the positive terminal of a voltage source to the negative terminal, even though the actual movement of electrons (the charge carriers) is from the negative to the positive terminal. This convention was established before the discovery of the electron, and it remains the standard for ease of understanding and consistency in electrical theory.
In a circuit diagram, when using conventional current flow, positive symbols represent a surplus of positive charge, and negative symbols indicate a deficit of positive charge. While the electrons are the actual charge carriers and move in the opposite direction to conventional current flow, this convention simplifies circuit analysis and design. Traditional current flow is a widely accepted practice in electrical engineering and is employed in textbooks, schematics, and educational materials to ensure uniformity in understanding and communication within the field.